NEXT PAGE TIMEBASE CATALOG SEARCH PEOPLE WORDS MAPS REFS HOME	TIMEBASE 1923 (Note: Use your browser's "Find" or "Search" icon to locate specific information on almost any subject, person, place, date or thing you wish to investigate. Click on any highlighted date to view video.) 1923 Theodor Fritsch brings out a new German edition (his second) of The Protocols of the Elders of Zion based on the English translation by Victor Marsden. It wll sell 100,000 copies by 1933. (Segel/Levy) 1923Alfred Rosenberg writes The Protocols of the Elders of Zion and Jewish World Policy. It is reprinted three times within a year. (Segel/Levy) 1923 January Inflation cripples the German economy. In 1918, the exchange rate, four marks to the dollar in 1918, is now more than 7,000 to the dollar. 1923 January 11 French and Belgian troops occupy the Ruhr. 1923 January 13 Announcement of passive resistence by Germans in the Ruhr. (Eyes) 1923 January 28 The first National Socialist Party Day is held in Munich. Munich will continue to be Hitler's primary headquarters until he comes to power in 1933. 1923 February Hitler publishes an article in the newspaper published by Walter Riehl's Austrian Nazi Party (DNSAP). (See August 1918) 1923 Dr. Fritz Lenz becomes Germany's first professor of racial hygiene. 1923 April Johann Walthari Wölfl, an Austrian industrialist who had become Prior of Werfenstein following Lanz von Liebenfels' departure for Hungary, begins issuing the Tabalarium, a monthly diary intended for a restricted circulation among ONT brothers. (Roots) 1923 March 4 The League of National Defense is founded by Professor Alexandru Cuza and Corneliu Codreanu in Romania. 1923 Spring Sebottendorff moves to Lugano, Switzerland, where he completes his occult treatise on the Baktashi dervishes and their relationship to alchemists and Rosicrucians. He will remain in Switzerland through 1924. (Roots) 1923 May Friedrich Franz von Hochberg, a Silesian count and cousin of the ruling Prince of Pless, is designated as Presbyter at the ONT Priory of Hollenberg. He uses the lodge name "Frowin." (Roots) 1923 May 1 Rudolf Hess and his "Student Battalion" fight their way into a Communist procession, seize the red hammer-and-sickle flag, and burn it. Hess is arrested and justifies his action by saying that public display of the flag which had led to the army's mutiny and Germany's military downfall was an outright provocation to any decent German. (Missing Years) 1923 A dialogue between Hitler and Eckart is published in Munich under the title Bolshevism from Moses to Lenin. It reflects their opinion that the Jews have represented the occult power of revolutionary subversion throughout history and are responsible for deflecting humankind from its natural path. (Wistrich I) 1923 July Inflation in Germany increases to more than 160,000 marks to the dollar. 1923 July 17 Philipp Stauff commits suicide. Many suspected foul play because of his continuing exposure of prominent Germans with Jewish roots. His widow, Berta, takes over the publishing house and the Society continues to serve as a meeting-place for prewar members, the Germanenorden, and newcomers throughout the 1920s. Eberhard von Brockhusen, Grand Master of the Germanenorden, continued as President of the List Society until his death in 1939. (Roots) 1923 July 24 Turkey signs the Treaty of Lausanne, recognizing the independence of the Arab Kingdom of Hejaz, the French mandate over Syria, and British mandates over Palestine and Mesopotamia. 1923 August 2 Warren G. Harding dies and Calvin Coolidge becomes 30th President of the United States. 1923 August 13 Gustav Stresemann becomes Chancellor of Germany. 1923 Hitler and Walter Riehl of the Austrian DNSAP split over strategy and tactics. 1923 September Ludendorff announces his support of Adolf Hitler before 100,000 people at Nuremberg. 1923 September 2 Hitler attends a rally of Nationalists parties in Nuremberg. (Shirer I) 1923 September 25 Hitler addresses a meeting of the heads of all the right-wing military formations and private armies in Munich. After a two and a half hour speech he is able to convince them that they would be more effective if they placed themselves under his over-all command. (Payne) 1923 September 30 Hitler visits the Wagner family and Houston Stewart Chamberlain at Wagner's home in Bayreuth. When he returned to Munich, he found a letter from Chamberlain praising him as a Messiah and comparing Chamberlain himself with John the Baptist. "At one blow you have transformed the state of my soul," Chamberlain wrote. "That Germany in her hour of need has produced a Hitler testifies to its vitality. Now at last I am able to sleep peacefully and I shall have no need to wake up again. God protect you!" (Olden) 1923 October Fritz Thyssen, one of Germany's richest industrialists begins the large-scale financing of Hitler and the Nazis Party. Thyssen one of Germany's richest men is in business with Averell Harriman and Prescott Bush, among others. 1923 October Communists take over the States of Saxony and Thuringia and plan to take over the entire country from these bases. 1923 November 8 The Munich Putsch -- Hitler, with the backing of General Ludendorff, attempts to take over the Bavarian government by force of arms. Hitler claims that his main purpose is to squash a plot by Bavarian separatist to secede from Germany 1923 November 9 At midday, Hitler and Ludendorff at the head of a large body of men are caught in a bottleneck as they march toward the center of town. The police open up with volleys of rifle fire and sixteen Nazis are killed. Hitler quickly flees the city and Ludendorff is arrested. The putsch collapses and those killed become Nazi martyrs. The flag they carry that day later becomes known as the "blood flag," and takes on a "sacred" and mystical symbolism. This is a day Hitler will never forget. (See November 9, 1933) 1923 November 11 Hitler is arrested and charged with treason. About midnight he is taken to Landsberg prison, where Count Anton Arco-Vally, the assassin of Kurt Eisner, Is awakened and moved to another cell. His comfortable quarters are then given to Hitler. (Payne) 1923 November Detlef Schmude, ONT Prior at Hollenberg, writes to Jorg Lanz von Liebenfels attributing the postwar disorder to an ignorance of eugenics amongst the leadership of Germany and appealing for a dictator in the form of a "Starke von Oben" (Stong one from Above) as described by Guido von List. (Roots) 1923 November 20 Inflation in Germany peaks at 130,000,000,000 marks to the dollar. (WWIIDBD) 1923 November 23 The NSDAP is banned by the Bavarian government. 1923 December 23 Dietrich Eckart, after a brief imprisonment in Stadelheim prison, dies of heart failure, while Hitler is still in prison awaiting trial. Eckart is buried at Berchtesgaden. (Wistrich I) 1923 December Friedrich Franz von Hochberg (Frowin), Presbyter of the ONT priory at Hollenbeck states that the Order of the New Templars is his sole comfort "in this evil land of pygmies and Tschandale." (Roots) 1923 Designer Willy Messerschmitt opens an aircraft manufacturing plant at Augsburg, Germany. Three years later he will produce his first all-metal plane. 1923 Leo Schlageter, an insurgent against the French in the Ruhr, is executed. He quickly becomes a much celebrated Nazi martyr and hero. After 1933, The Catholic Church will often attempt to capitalize on Schlagter's Catholicism. 1923 General. Miguel Primo de Rivera becomes dictator of Spain. 1923 Gregor Schwartz-Bostunitsch becomes a member of Rudolf Steiner's Anthroposophy movement. 1923 Trotsky, in a series of essays labeled as "The New Course," bitterly criticizes the growing bureaucracy of the party and argues for greater centralized planning. Much of his hostility is directed against Stalin, whom he is said to loathe. In response, Stalin states his own position as "socialism in one country," the antithesis of Trotsky's advocacy of a world revolution. (Note:"Socialism in one country" and Hitler's National Socialism shared many common characteristics.) 1923 Physicist Hermann Oberth publishes The Rocket into Planetary Space, which inspires many young Germans, including Werner von Braun, with the idea of space travel. 1923 The first issue of "Der Stürmer," a viciously antisemitic newspaper, is published in Nuremberg. It's slogan is "The Jews are our misfortune." (Atlas) 1923 The Treaty of Lausanne establishes the boundaries of modern Turkey. Copyright © 1997 R.H. Perez de Cruet All Rights reserved. NEXT TIMEBASE Home Page

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(Note: Use your browser's "Find" or "Search" icon to locate specific information on almost any subject, person, place, date or thing you wish to investigate. Click on any highlighted date to view video.)

1923 Theodor Fritsch brings out a new German edition (his second) of The Protocols of the Elders of Zion based on the English translation by Victor Marsden. It wll sell 100,000 copies by 1933. (Segel/Levy)

1923Alfred Rosenberg writes The Protocols of the Elders of Zion and Jewish World Policy. It is reprinted three times within a year. (Segel/Levy)

1923 January Inflation cripples the German economy. In 1918, the exchange rate, four marks to the dollar in 1918, is now more than 7,000 to the dollar.

1923 January 11 French and Belgian troops occupy the Ruhr.

1923 January 13 Announcement of passive resistence by Germans in the Ruhr. (Eyes)

1923 January 28 The first National Socialist Party Day is held in Munich. Munich will continue to be Hitler's primary headquarters until he comes to power in 1933.

1923 February Hitler publishes an article in the newspaper published by Walter Riehl's Austrian Nazi Party (DNSAP). (See August 1918)

1923 Dr. Fritz Lenz becomes Germany's first professor of racial hygiene.

1923 April Johann Walthari Wölfl, an Austrian industrialist who had become Prior of Werfenstein following Lanz von Liebenfels' departure for Hungary, begins issuing the Tabalarium, a monthly diary intended for a restricted circulation among ONT brothers. (Roots)

1923 March 4 The League of National Defense is founded by Professor Alexandru Cuza and Corneliu Codreanu in Romania.

1923 Spring Sebottendorff moves to Lugano, Switzerland, where he completes his occult treatise on the Baktashi dervishes and their relationship to alchemists and Rosicrucians. He will remain in Switzerland through 1924. (Roots)

1923 May Friedrich Franz von Hochberg, a Silesian count and cousin of the ruling Prince of Pless, is designated as Presbyter at the ONT Priory of Hollenberg. He uses the lodge name "Frowin." (Roots)

1923 May 1 Rudolf Hess and his "Student Battalion" fight their way into a Communist procession, seize the red hammer-and-sickle flag, and burn it. Hess is arrested and justifies his action by saying that public display of the flag which had led to the army's mutiny and Germany's military downfall was an outright provocation to any decent German. (Missing Years)

1923 A dialogue between Hitler and Eckart is published in Munich under the title Bolshevism from Moses to Lenin. It reflects their opinion that the Jews have represented the occult power of revolutionary subversion throughout history and are responsible for deflecting humankind from its natural path. (Wistrich I)

1923 July Inflation in Germany increases to more than 160,000 marks to the dollar.

1923 July 17 Philipp Stauff commits suicide. Many suspected foul play because of his continuing exposure of prominent Germans with Jewish roots. His widow, Berta, takes over the publishing house and the Society continues to serve as a meeting-place for prewar members, the Germanenorden, and newcomers throughout the 1920s. Eberhard von Brockhusen, Grand Master of the Germanenorden, continued as President of the List Society until his death in 1939. (Roots)

1923 July 24 Turkey signs the Treaty of Lausanne, recognizing the independence of the Arab Kingdom of Hejaz, the French mandate over Syria, and British mandates over Palestine and Mesopotamia.

1923 August 2 Warren G. Harding dies and Calvin Coolidge becomes 30th President of the United States.

1923 August 13 Gustav Stresemann becomes Chancellor of Germany.

1923 Hitler and Walter Riehl of the Austrian DNSAP split over strategy and tactics.

1923 September Ludendorff announces his support of Adolf Hitler before 100,000 people at Nuremberg.

1923 September 2 Hitler attends a rally of Nationalists parties in Nuremberg. (Shirer I)

1923 September 25 Hitler addresses a meeting of the heads of all the right-wing military formations and private armies in Munich. After a two and a half hour speech he is able to convince them that they would be more effective if they placed themselves under his over-all command. (Payne)

1923 September 30 Hitler visits the Wagner family and Houston Stewart Chamberlain at Wagner's home in Bayreuth. When he returned to Munich, he found a letter from Chamberlain praising him as a Messiah and comparing Chamberlain himself with John the Baptist. "At one blow you have transformed the state of my soul," Chamberlain wrote. "That Germany in her hour of need has produced a Hitler testifies to its vitality. Now at last I am able to sleep peacefully and I shall have no need to wake up again. God protect you!" (Olden)

1923 October Fritz Thyssen, one of Germany's richest industrialists begins the large-scale financing of Hitler and the Nazis Party. Thyssen one of Germany's richest men is in business with Averell Harriman and Prescott Bush, among others.

1923 October Communists take over the States of Saxony and Thuringia and plan to take over the entire country from these bases.

1923 November 8 The Munich Putsch -- Hitler, with the backing of General Ludendorff, attempts to take over the Bavarian government by force of arms. Hitler claims that his main purpose is to squash a plot by Bavarian separatist to secede from Germany

1923 November 9 At midday, Hitler and Ludendorff at the head of a large body of men are caught in a bottleneck as they march toward the center of town. The police open up with volleys of rifle fire and sixteen Nazis are killed. Hitler quickly flees the city and Ludendorff is arrested. The putsch collapses and those killed become Nazi martyrs. The flag they carry that day later becomes known as the "blood flag," and takes on a "sacred" and mystical symbolism. This is a day Hitler will never forget. (See November 9, 1933)

1923 November 11 Hitler is arrested and charged with treason. About midnight he is taken to Landsberg prison, where Count Anton Arco-Vally, the assassin of Kurt Eisner, Is awakened and moved to another cell. His comfortable quarters are then given to Hitler. (Payne)

1923 November Detlef Schmude, ONT Prior at Hollenberg, writes to Jorg Lanz von Liebenfels attributing the postwar disorder to an ignorance of eugenics amongst the leadership of Germany and appealing for a dictator in the form of a "Starke von Oben" (Stong one from Above) as described by Guido von List. (Roots)

1923 November 20 Inflation in Germany peaks at 130,000,000,000 marks to the dollar. (WWIIDBD)

1923 November 23 The NSDAP is banned by the Bavarian government.

1923 December 23 Dietrich Eckart, after a brief imprisonment in Stadelheim prison, dies of heart failure, while Hitler is still in prison awaiting trial. Eckart is buried at Berchtesgaden. (Wistrich I)

1923 December Friedrich Franz von Hochberg (Frowin), Presbyter of the ONT priory at Hollenbeck states that the Order of the New Templars is his sole comfort "in this evil land of pygmies and Tschandale." (Roots)

1923 Designer Willy Messerschmitt opens an aircraft manufacturing plant at Augsburg, Germany. Three years later he will produce his first all-metal plane.

1923 Leo Schlageter, an insurgent against the French in the Ruhr, is executed. He quickly becomes a much celebrated Nazi martyr and hero. After 1933, The Catholic Church will often attempt to capitalize on Schlagter's Catholicism.

1923 General. Miguel Primo de Rivera becomes dictator of Spain.

1923 Gregor Schwartz-Bostunitsch becomes a member of Rudolf Steiner's Anthroposophy movement.

1923 Trotsky, in a series of essays labeled as "The New Course," bitterly criticizes the growing bureaucracy of the party and argues for greater centralized planning. Much of his hostility is directed against Stalin, whom he is said to loathe. In response, Stalin states his own position as "socialism in one country," the antithesis of Trotsky's advocacy of a world revolution.

(Note:"Socialism in one country" and Hitler's National Socialism shared many common characteristics.)

1923 Physicist Hermann Oberth publishes The Rocket into Planetary Space, which inspires many young Germans, including Werner von Braun, with the idea of space travel.

1923 The first issue of "Der Stürmer," a viciously antisemitic newspaper, is published in Nuremberg. It's slogan is "The Jews are our misfortune." (Atlas)

1923 The Treaty of Lausanne establishes the boundaries of modern Turkey.

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