TIMEBASE1925-29

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1925 Benito Mussolini eliminates his most important political opponents and establishes a virtual dictatorship by force and intimidation. He soon begins the process of converting Italy into a one-party Corporate state.

1925 January Stalin begins a plan to gradually ease Grigory Zinoviev and Lev Kamenev, both of Jewish descent, out of power and gain complete control of the Soviet Union (USSR) for himself.

1925 January 2 Rudolf Hess and several other Nazis are released from Landsberg prison and quickly rejoin Hitler. (Missing Years)

1925 February 27 Hitler revives the NSDAP and quickly takes control.

1925 March 26 Count Hochberg gives 500 gold marks to the Order of the New Templars (ONT) for the purchase of the small ancient earthwork of Wickeloh near Gross-Oesingen in Lower Saxony. (Roots)

1925 Hitler decides he needs a bodyguard of loyal party members to protect him from his opponents at public meetings and rallies. He appoints Julius Schreck, an old comrade and his chauffeur, to form the new unit. Schreck takes his new position very seriously and soon establishes strict guidelines for Hitler's "Protection Squad," which soon becomes known as the SS (Schutzstaffel). (Secrets)

1925 March 30 Rudolf Steiner dies. The Anthroposophy movement, which has been called a Christianized version of Theosophy, continues to flourish even after his death.

1925 Ernst Roehm, after coming into conflict with Hitler over the role of the SA, travels to Bolivia, where he will remain until 1930.

1925 April Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg becomes President of Germany.

1925 May 5 Dr. Karl Haushofer founds the Deutsche Akademie. Rudof Hess becomes an assistant on his staff and a close friend of Haushofer's son, Albrecht. Hess later abandons the idea of obtaining a doctorate. (Missing Years)

1925 Summer Johann Walthari Wölfl, the ONT Prior of Wefenstein, begins issuing the Librarium and the Examinatorium. The first contains short stories of the alleged medieval antecedents of the order, Burg Werfenstein and Lebensreform. The second features a question-and-answer synopsis of all order matters, enabling new brothers to quickly and comprehensively learn the order's history, traditions and ceremonial. (Roots)

1925 Summer Construction begins on a new ONT priory at Gross-Oesingen in Lower Saxony. (Roots)

1925 July 18 The first volume of Mein Kampf (My Struggle), Hitler's personal political testament, is published in Munich. The book is dedicated to Dietrich Eckart and the sixteen Nazi "martyrs" who died in Munich on November 9, 1918.

1925 September 3 Edward R. Stettinius, Sr., dies. His son, Edward, Jr., is General Motors' manager of employment.

1925 September 5 The "Völkischer Beobachter" hails Houston Stewart Chamberlain's Foundations of the Nineteenth Century as "The Gospel of the National Socialist Movement."

1925 October A secular group around the occult-racist publisher Herbert Reichstein begins promoting the doctrine of Jorg Lanz von Liebenfels in Germany. (Roots)

1925 October The Treaty of Locarno is signed in Switzerland by Great Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Poland and Czechoslovakia. It guarantees the demilitarized status of the Rhineland and the common borders of Belgium, France, and Germany, all as specified by the Treaty of Versailles. Germany, Poland, and Czechoslovakia also sign border agreements. The "spirit of Locarno" is widely hailed as ushering in an era of international peace and good will.

1925 November 29 Rudolf Gorsleben founds the Edda Society, an "Aryan" study group, at Dinkelsbühl, in Franconia. Grand Master of the group is Werner von Bülow. Treasurer is Friedrich Schaefer from Mühlhausen, whose wife, Käthe, keeps open house for other occult-völkisch groups which gather around Karl Maria Wiligut (Weisthor) in the early 1930s. Rudolf Gorsleben was Chancellor of the Edda Society and published its periodical German Freedom, later Aryan Freedom. (Roots)

(Note: Mathilde von Kemnitz, a prolific völkisch writer, who will marry General Ludendorff in 1926, is an active member of the Edda Society.) (Mund; Roots)

1925 December 1 The Locarno Treaties are signed. These agreements are an attempt to settle security problems left unresolved at the end of World War I. The main treaty, which confirms Germany's western borders with France and Belgium, is signed by the powers directly concerned and is guaranteed by Britain and Italy. Germany signs treaties with its eastern neighbors, Poland and Czechoslovakia, but they are not given the same protection. France, however, concludes an agreement with the latter countries promising to help them if Germany breaks its commitment to settle any future disputes with them peacefully. The Locarno Pact makes Germany's entry into the League of Nations possible.

1925 Sebottendorff returns to Turkey. From 1926 to 1928, he acts as honorary Mexican consul in Instanbul (Constantinople). He later travels to the U.S. and Central America, 1929-1931. (Roots)

1925 The Geneva Protocol of 1925, bans poison gas as a means of warfare.

1925 Stalin forces Trotsky to resign as Minister of War.

1925 Jewish synagogues and schools are looted and the Jewish cemetery is desecrated at Piatra in Romania. (Atlas)

1925 Ossendovski, a Russian writer, publishes "Men, Beasts and Gods." The names Schamballah and Agarthi appear in public for first time.

1925 Monsignor Ludwig Kaas is appointed as advisor to Eugenio Pacelli, the Papal Nuncio in Berlin, by Cardinal Bertram. Kaas and Pacelli soon become close friends. (Arthur Wynen; Lewy)

1925 Jean Monnet becomes a partner in the Blair Foreign Corporation, a New York bank that made huge profits during the war.

1925 Joseph Goebbels is appointed Business Manager of the North Rhineland Gau of the Nazi Party. He soon edits several Nazi publications, including the bulletin NS-Briefe (National Socialist Letters).

1925 Ahmed Zogu proclaims Albania a monarchy and rules as King Zog.

1925 Reza Shah Pahlavi rules as Shah of Iran.

1926 January 1 Prince Michael of Romania is proclaimed heir to the throne by the Romanian Parliament after his father, Prince Carol, is deprived of his inheritance.

1926 January 6 Jorg Lanz von Liebenfels purchases the ruined 13th century church of Szent Balazs, near the village of Szentantalfa on the northern shore of Lake Balaton, as the new seat for the ONT priory of Marienkamp. Hungarian ONT brothers Ladislaus and Wilhelm are appointed as the priory's keepers. (Roots)

1926 January Detlef Schmude returns to the ONT priory at Hollenberg after eighteen months in Persia. (Roots)

1926 January 26 Gregor Strasser calls a meeting of Nazi party leaders at Hanover.

1926 February 14 Hitler calls a meeting of nationalist leaders at Bamburg.

1926 April Joseph Berchtold, a businessman who holds the number-two spot in the Nazi party treasury office, is appointed by Hitler to replace Julius Schreck as head of the SS. Hitler tells him to operate under the guidelines that the party is not to interfere in the internal affairs of the SS, emphasizing that the SS is a completely independent organization within the Nazi movement. (Secrets)

1926 April 3 Lanz von Liebenfels and ONT brothers Ladislaus and Wilhem traveled to Szent Balazs and construction on the new priory of Marienkamp starts shortly thereafter. (Roots)

1926 April 15 Schmude dissolves the ONT priory at Hollenberg, complaining of the adverse economic circumstances in Germany. (Roots)

1926 April 24 The Treaty of German-Soviet Friendship and Neutrality extends the Rapallo Treaty of 1922.

1926 Edward R. Stettinius Jr. becomes special assistant to John Lee Pratt of General Motors.

1926 May 1 Prescott Bush joins W.A. Harriman & Co. as a vice-president, under the bank's president, George Herbert Walker, his father-in-law.

1926 May 1 Johann Walthari Wölfl, Priorof Werfenstein, receives authorization from Lanz von Liebenfels to begin the publication a third Ostara edition. (Roots)

1926 May General Pilsudski believing that the unstable Polish parliamentary system is endangering Poland, seizes power and forms an authoritarian government. He works for good relations with both Germany and Russia, but an alliance with neither.

1926 August Georg Hauerstein, Jr., son of Georg Hauerstein, a friend of Guido von List and an ONT brother associated with Detlef Schmude before the war, establishes a fund for the purchase of an ancient earthwork called the Hertesburg near Prenow on the Baltic Sea coast. ONT brothers from Hungary and Berlin palmist, Ernst Issberner-Haldane contribute. (Roots)

1926 September General Ludendorff marries Mathilde von Kemnitz and she soon begins spearheading the Ludendorff movement.

1926 September 8 Germany is admitted to the League of Nations and given a permanent seat on the Council.

1926 September 10 Germany enters the League of Nations. (Eyes)

1926 December 10 Hitler publishes the second part of Mein Kampf.

1926 Marshal Josef Pilsudski seizes complete power in a coup in Poland and rules dictatorially until his death.

1926 Pope Pius XI bans Roman Catholic participation in the Action Francaise movement, a radical right-wing political movement active in France from 1899 to 1944. (Founded by Charles Maurras (1868-1952), it espoused royalism, authoritarianism, nationalism, and antisemitism. Through its newspaper, "L'Action Francaise," and its student groups, called Camelots du Roi, the movement attacked the democratic institutions of the Third Republic.

1926 Allen W. Dulles joins the law firm of Sullivan and Cromwell in New York.

1926 Hitler holds a Nazi "Party Day" rally at Weimar. He and many other speakers advocate driving the Jews out of all German life. (Atlas)

1926 The German Steel Trust, Germany's largest industrial corporation, is organized by Wall Street banker Clarence Dillion. In return for putting up $70 million, Fritz Thyssen, the majority owner, gives the Dillion Read Company two representatives on the board.

1926 Colonies of strange Hindu mystics settle in Munich and Berlin. (Pauwels)

1926 Felix Dzerzhinsky dies, and the OGPU, which he had founded as the Cheka in 1917, supports Stalin.

1926 Nikolai Bukharin becomes president of the Communist International (Comintern).

1926 Robert Goddard launches the first liquid-propellant rocket.

1926 Chiang Kai-shek organizes the Northern Expedition to unite China.

1926 Joseph Goebbels sides with Hitler against Otto and Gregor Strasser in a Nazi Party split. Gregor will remain Hitler's most powerful opponent in the Party.

1926 Goebbels is appointed Gauleiter of Berlin by Hitler.

1926 Eamon De Valera organizes the Fianna Fail party in the Republic of Ireland.

1926 Hirohito becomes emperor of Japan.

1926 A General Strike in Britain involves more than three million workers.

1927 February 1 Count Franz Friedrich von Hochberg writes a letter to Johann Walthari Wölfl which he publishes in the first issue of the new Ostara series. (Roots)

1927 February 11 Hitler and Goebbels speak at Pharus Hall in Berlin.

1927 February Johann Walthari Wölfl, Prior of Werfenstein, begins the publication the third Ostara series with an introductory issue by himself. Between 1927 and 1931, most of a hundred projected issues are published with illustrated covers in a more luxurious format than before the war. (Roots)

1927 March Joseph Berchtold resigns as head of the SS, and his deputy, Erhard Heiden, takes over its leadership. Heiden decides that since the number of SS members is limited to only 10% of the SA, there is no way they can outshout them. He therefore issues an order stating: "The SS will never take part at meetings. SS men will attend discussions for the purpose of instruction only. The SS man and SS commander will remain silent and never become involved in matters concerning party or SA members which do not concern him." Under Heiden, the SS soon adopts the slogan: "The aristocracy keeps its mouth shut." This unique attitude puzzles both the Nazi Party bosses and the SA leaders and establishes a mysterious aura around the SS that will remain intact throughout the years of the Third Reich. (Secrets)

1927 April 7 The first successful long-distance demonstration of television broadcasts an image of U.S. Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover.

1927 May 26 Diplomatic relations between Great Britain and Russia are temporarily disrupted because of friction caused by Communist agitation, a clear violation of treaty agreements.

1927 June 24 The Legion of the Archangel Michael is founded in Romania.

1927 June 30 Henry Ford writes a letter to Louis Marshall, chairman of the American Jewish Committee, in which he repudiates The Protocols of the Elders of Zion as a forgery, claiming to have been duped by his assistants. Ford also promises to cease publishing negative articles about the Jews in the Detroit Independent and to withdraw his book, The International Jew, from circulation.

(Note: Antisemites claimed that Ford's life had been threatened, and that Ford's apology only showed how powerful the Jews in America really were.)

1927 July Goebbel's newspaper Der Angriff (The Attack) is first published in Berlin.

1927 July 20 King Ferdinand of Romania dies and Prince Michael is proclaimed as King.

1927 August Standard Oil agrees to embark on a cooperative program of research and development with I.G. Farben to improve the quality and quantity of gasoline produced from German coal by the hydrogenation process, which had been discovered by a German scientist in 1909, but never fully developed. Germany had no native gasoline production capabilities and this was said to be one of the main reasons it lost World War I. (Borkin)

1927 August 21 Twenty thousand Storm Troopers attend the Congress of the National Socialist Party in Nuremberg.

1927 November 8 The ONT presbytery of Hertesburg is consecrated in a new wooden church built on the site of the ancient earthwork near Prerow on the Baltic Sea coast. This circle continues to be lead by Georg Hauerstein, Jr., who writes that its foundation is related to medieval Templar lore, as well as the mythical sunken city of Retha-Vineta, supposedly the cradle of the "ario-heroic" race. (Hauerstein; Roots)

1927 November 30 A Soviet delegation arrives in Geneva to take part in the deliberations of the preparatory commission on disarmament.

1927 December 20 Rudolf Hess marries Ilse Pröhl (Proehl) after a seven-year relationship. (Missing Years)

1927 December 31 The priory of Staufen at Dietfurt near Sigmaringen is formally consecrated by the Swabian ONT. Rituals are performed in a grotto chapel beneath the old fort, under the priorate of Count Hochberg, until the end of the 1930s. (Roots)

1927 Trotsky is stripped of all posts and expelled from the Communist Party.

1927 Lev Kamenev loses his offices and is expelled from the party. He will later be readmitted, and expelled twice again.

1927 Four synagogues are wrecked during anti-Jewish riots at Oradea in Romania. Prayer houses are plundered at Jassy, Targu Ocna and Cluj. (Atlas)

1927 Charles Lindbergh flies solo nonstop from New York to Paris in 33.5 hours.

1927 German filmmaker Fritz Lang directs the futuristic film Metropolis.

1927 The KWG founds a KWI of Anthropology, Human Heredity, and Eugenics in Berlin-Dahlem and nominates Professor E. Fischer as its director. (Science)

1927 The Iron Guard fascist organization is founded in Romania.

1927 Television is first publicly broadcast in Great Britain.

1928 Huey P. Long becomes governor of Louisiana.

1928 April 13 Hitler attempts to "clarify" the NSDAP program.

1928 May 20 General elections give the Nazi Party 3 percent of the vote. (Eyes)

1928 Summer ONT meetings at the priory of Marienkamp in Hungary record the investitures of Georg Hauerstein, Jr. and Friedrich Schwickert, an astrologer an onetime List Society member, as Presbyters. (Roots)

1928 August 27 The Kellogg-Briand Peace Pact is signed in Paris. Its signatories renounces aggressive war, and war as an instrument of national policy, but no sanctions are provided for violations.

1928 September 6 The Soviet Union concurs with the Kellogg-Briand Pact.

1928 Leon Trotsky is condemned to internal exile.

1928 November 25 Communist demonstrations break out in Bucharest.

1928 December Monsignor Ludwig Kaas, a Catholic priest and former professor of canon law at Trier, is elected Chairman of the Catholic Center Party.

1928 December 28 Theodor Eicke joins the Nazi party and enlists in the SA. Eicke works as a security guard for I.G. Farben.

1928 Harriman and Company becomes the chief organizer of a huge engineering program that will modernize Soviet heavy Industry. Harriman furnishes securities for all the Soviet purchases in the United States and collects generous commissions for his services.

1928 Henry Ford merges his German assets with those of I.G. Farben. (Sutton)

1928 Pope Pius XI dissolves the missionary society "The Friends of Israel" (Amici Israel), and issues a condemnation of antisemitism. (Lewy)

1928 Amelia Earhart becomes the first woman to fly in an airplane across the Atlantic Ocean, west to east.

1928 Joseph Goebbels is elected to the Reichstag as a deputy for Berlin.

1928 Chiang Kai-shek captures Peking and the Kuomin-tang government is established in China.

1928 Stalin , who has driven the leftist opposition from most party posts, now, whether for political or economic reasons, adopts a number of leftist programs such as agricultural collectivization and rapid industrialization. He then smashes the party's right, led by the popular Nikolai Bukharin, for opposing measures that he himself had recently attacked.

1928 The first Five-Year Plan for economic reform begins in the Soviet Union.

1929 January 6 Hitler appoints Heinrich Himmler to replace Erhard Heiden as head of the SS. The organization has fewer than 300 members and their is an independent SS leader, Kurt Deluege, in Berlin(Secrets; The SS, Time-Life)

1929 January 6 Alexander I abolishes his country's constitution and institutes absolute rule. He then changes his title and calls himself king of Yugoslavia.

1929 January 15 Martin Luther King, Jr., American civil rights leader, is born in Atlanta. His father, Martin, Sr., is the pastor of the Ebenezer Baptist Church.

1929 January 20 The Soviet OGPU (General Political Administration) orders that Trotsky be deported to the Turkish island of Prinkipo, once used by the Byzantine emperors to exile their opponents. He will live in Turkey (1929-33), France (1933-35), Norway (1935-36), and Mexico (1936-40).

1929 February 9 The Litvinov Protocol is signed in Moscow by Soviet Russia, Poland, Romania, Latvia and Estonia. It gives immediate validity to the Kellogg-Briand Pact between these five countries.

1929 February 11 The Lateran Treaty is signed by Benito Mussolini for the Italian government and Cardinal Pietro Gasparri for the papacy. It settles the vexatious question of the relationship between the Holy See and Italy. The papacy accepts the loss of the Papal States, while Italy recognizes the Vatican City as an independent state. A financial settlement is also involved.

1929 Spring Ernst (Teddy) Thalmann, leader of the Communist Party, provokes a series of riots in Berlin's working-class districts.

1929 June 7 The Young Plan is signed in Paris and afterward the Nazi finances quickly improve.

1929 August The German luxury liners Bremen and Europa are launched in Bremerhaven and Hamburg. They are the largest and fastest ships of their kind in the world.

1929 August 7 The"Völkischer Beobachter," no. 181, reports that during the annual Party gathering at Nuremberg Hitler had held up the ancient Spartan policy of selective infanticide as an archetype (a model) for Germany. "If Germany every year would have one million children," Hitler said, "and would eliminate 700 -800,000 of the weakest, the end result would probably be an increase in (national) strength."

1929 September Hitler moves into an elegant, luxury apartment on Munich's Prinzregentenplatz.

1929 September The New York Stock Exchange peaks at 216, the climax of a three-year "bull" market..

1929 September 27-28 The International Congress of Eugenics is held in Rome. Dr. C. B. Davenport, an American and president of the International Federation of Eugenic Organizations, sends Mussolini a memorandum, written by Professor Fischer (Berlin), on the importance of eugenics: "Maximum speed is necessary; the danger is enormous." (Science)

1929 October 3 Gustav Stresemann dies in Germany.

1929 October 7 Gheorghe Buzdugan, the most important personality in the Romanian Regency, dies.

1929 October 22 The president of New York's National City Bank states, " I know of nothing fundamentally wrong with the stock market or with the underlying business and credit structure." Nevertheless, there have been heavy withdrawals of capital from America after the Bank of England raised its interest to 6.5 percent. (Schlesinger I)

1929 October 23 After a steady decline in stock market prices since the peak in September, the New York Stock Exchange begins to show signs of a panic.

1929 October 24 "Black Thursday" -- the New York Stock Exchange crashes, quickly setting off a worldwide economic depression. Investors who had been "buying stock on margin," (generally 10%) were devastated when their "24-hour broker call loans " were all called in at the same time. This meant that the stock brokers and their customers had to dump their stocks in order to pay off their loans. When all the sellers offered their stock at the same time, prices plummeted.

1929 October 24 Winston Churchill is personally brought to the New York Stock Exchange by Bernard Baruch. Some conspiracy-oriented historians are convinced that Churchill was brought to witness the crash firsthand because it was desired that he see the power of the banking system at work. (Galbraith)

1929 October 29 "Black Tuesday" -- the avalanche of selling crushes the stock market. This is the most catastrophic day in the market's history and becomes the forerunner of the Great Depression. Although it is well known that thousands of stockholders were forced to sell their stock, it is usually not questioned as to who actually bought-up all of the stock being sold at bargain prices.

1929 November 9 I.G. Farben and Standard Oil sign a cartel agreement that has two objectives: (1) The cartel agreement granted Standard Oil one-half of all rights to the hydrogenation process (producing gasoline from coal, developed by Farben) in all countries except Germany. (2) Standard and Farben agreed "never to compete with each other in the fields of chemistry and petroleum products. In the future, if Standard Oil wished to enter the broad field of industrial chemicals or drugs, it would do so only as a partner of Farben. Farben in turn, agreed never to enter the field of petroleum except as a joint venture with Standard." (Griffin)

1929 November 13 By this day, some $30,000,000,000 in value of listed stocks have been wiped out in the New York Stock Exchange.

1929 November 21 President Hoover, in an attempt to reassure the nation, meets with representatives of big business and trade unions in two separate confidential sessions at the White House. (Schlesinger I)

1929 December Heinrich Bruening, a financial expert supported by Monsignor Kaas, becomes leader of the Catholic Center Party, and its right-wing members assume control.

1929 December 2 Dr. C. B. Davenport asks Professor Fischer to become chairman of the committee on racial crosses of the International Federation of Eugenic Organizations. (Science)

1929 December 3 President in his annual address to Congress declares that confidence in America's business has been reestablished. The events of the following decade will do nothing to justify this statement. (Schlesinger I)

1929 Joseph Goebbels is appointed Reich Propaganda Leader of the Nazi Party.

1929 The Nazi Party obtains rights to Gottfried zur Beek's translation of The Protocols of the Elders of Zion. (Segel/Levy

1929 Jews and Arabs clash at Jerusalem's Wailing Wall. In Hebron, Arabs kill 67 Jews and begin driving Jewish families ot of the city and surrounding areas.

1929 Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli becomes a cardinal of the Catholic Church.

1929 Lazar Kraganovich becomes First Secretary of the Moscow Party Committee and a full member of the Politburo of the All-Union Communist Party.

1929 Bukharin, who had opposed Stalin's forced collectivization of agriculture, thereby becoming the leader of the so-called Right Opposition, is deprived of all his posts.

1929 King Alexander institutes absolute rule in troubled Yugoslavia.

1929 The Workers Party of America is renamed and becomes the Communist Party of the United States.

Copyright © 1997 R.H. Perez de Cruet
All Rights reserved.

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