TIMEBASE 1900-09

1900 February 2 Edmund Hitler, Adolf Hitler's younger brother, suddenly dies. Mysteriously, both his mother and father fail to attend the boy's funeral. Instead, they travel to neighboring Linz, where the local bishop resides and don't return until the following day. 11-year-old Adolf goes to the funeral alone. No headstone is ever erected on Edmund's grave. (Toland; Waite)

(Note: Toland writes that Edmund died on February 2; Payne states he died on February 29; and Waite says he was buried on March 30.)

1900 February Hitler's personality suddenly changes. He becomes distant, moody and evasive. His grades deteriorate, and he begins to cause trouble in school.

1900 September 17 Hitler enters Realschule in Linz, but continues to do poorly in school.

1900 Karl Rohm, who visited with English Theosophists in London during the late 1890s, founds a publishing house at Lorch in Wurttemberg. His publications include translations of the works of Sir Edward Bulwer-Lytton and other contemporary occultists. (Roots)

1900 Adolf Josef Lanz returns to Vienna where he soon joins Georg von Schoenerer's Pan-German movement and converts to Protestantism. (Ostara III, 1930)

1900 December 25 Adolf Josef Lanz (Liebenfels) later claims that it was on this date that he founded the Order of the New Templars. Lanz said he set himself up as the order's Grand Master and adopted the swastika as his emblem.

(Note: Historians believe the order was not modeled along Templar lines until sometime after 1905.) (Roots)

1900 Germany begins to expand its navy in an attempt to challenge British control of trade and the seas.

1900 The work of Mendel is rediscovered. Those who regard the mental traits of Man (intelligence and so on) as being primarily inherited, believe that their hypothesis is scientifically proved by Mendelian genetics. For them, the whole of human history becomes a part of the biological evolution Darwin had described in the animal kingdom. They see it as their duty to demand the prevention of procreation by other "inferior races" and by "inferior individuals" within their own race, in order to stave off the decline and ruin of European culture which they allege is near at hand. (Science)

1900 King Humbert I is assassinated and succeeded by Victor Emmanuel III as king of Italy.

1900 Sigmund Freud publishes 'The Interpretation of Dreams.'

1900 The first modern concentration camps are built by Field Marshal Lord Roberts, British Commander-in-Chief in South Africa during the Boer War. Camps are expanded by General Lord Kitchener, and the population of the concentration camps increases to approximately 110,000 whites and 107,000 Africans. An estimated 27,927 whites, of whom 26,251 are women and children, and at least 13,315 Africans die due to starvation, poor location, bad administration, and disease. (Grolier)

1900 Georg von Schoenerer converts to Protestantism.

1900 Kaiser Wilhelm II issues orders to German troops departing for China during the Boxer Rebellion that will lead the British to give them the nickname "Huns." ("No quarter will be given. No prisoners will be taken. Whoever falls into your hands, let his life be forfeit. The Huns under King Attila a thousand years ago made a name for themselves that has remained mighty in tradition and tale to this day; may you make the name of German a thing to conjure with..." (Waite)

1900 German schoolteacher Karl Fischer begins taking students on weekly hikes into remote and wild areas of the country. Fischer is called the Fuehrer and greeted with "heil." In 1901, Fisscher's small group expands into the Wandervogel (wandering birds) and within a decade the movement sweeps Germany. (Waite)

1901 January 22 Queen Victoria dies on the Isle of Wight, ending the longest reign in British history (64 years). Her son, Edward VII, succeeds her.

1901 February 25 The United States Steel Corporation is incorporated in the state of New Jersey by J.P. Morgan in defiance of the Sherman Anti-trust Law. One-seventh of the total capitalization goes to the men who arrange the intricate deal. Morgan, himself, is said to have made $80 million. (Schlesinger I)

1901 March 4 William McKinley is inaugurated as U.S. President for a second term. Theodore Roosevelt is Vice President.

1901 September 6 U.S. President William McKinley is shot by Anarchist Leon Czolgosz, as he attends a reception for the Pan-American Exhibition in Buffalo.

1901 September 14 President McKinley dies of his wounds and Forty-two-year-old Theodore Roosevelt is sworn in as President.

1901 Stalin, now a member of the Georgian branch of the Social Democratic party, roams the Caucasus, agitating among workers, helping with strikes, and spreading socialist literature.

1901 Lev Borisovich Kamenev (originally Rosenfeld) joins the Russian Social Democratic Workers' party.

1901 Hitler attends Lohengrin, his first opera, at the Linz Opera House.

1901 Rudolf Glauer (Rudolf von Sebottendorff) claims to have been initiated into a lodge of Freemasons at Bursa in Anatolioa by the patriarch of the Termudi family, Greek Jews from Salonica. Old Termudi had retired from business to devote himself to the study of the Cabbala and collecting alchemical and Rosicrucian texts. After Termudi's death Sebottendorff said he had inherited this occult library and begun his own study of the secret mystical exercises of the Baktashi dervishes. (Sebottendorff; Roots)

(Sebottendorff was born November 9, 1875 in the Saxon market town of Hoyerswerda, north of Dresden.)

1901 Theodor Fritsch sends a circular to some three hundred individuals who had earlier been active party antisemites. Fritsch hoped to establish a broad and powerful antisemitic movement outside parliament, where he thought it would be more effective. (Roots)

1901 The first German translation of The Secret Doctrine, the Theosophical Society's basic text, is published.

1902 January 3 Alois Hitler dies in Leonding (A). Oddly, no headstone is erected on his grave by the family, even though his wife, Klara, had received a considerable inheritance and a government pension. Josef Mayrhofer, the mayor of Leonding, is appointed as Adolf and Paula's guardian.

1902 January Theodor Fritsch founds the Hammer, a völkisch and Social Darwinist, antisemitic periodical.

1902 March 26 British imperialist and statesman Cecil Rhodes dies.

1902 April Ludwig Woltmann founds the Social Darwinist publication, Politisch-Anthropologische Revue.

1902 Guido von List goes blind for eleven month following an eye operation for cataracts. During his long convalesence, a fundamental change takes place in the character of List's ideas. Occultism becomes central to his thoughts on rune symbolism and the basis of his belief in the ancient German faith. (Balzli; Roots)

1902 September 14 Angela Hitler, Adolf's half-sister, marries Leo Raubal.

1902 November 15 The German Workers Party (DAP) is first organized in the northern Bohemian city of Aussig (Usti nad Labein). (Unknown Nazis)

1902 Karl Hermann Wolf and his followers resign from the Austrian Pan-German party.

1902 Lev Davidovich Bronstein (Trotsky) escapes abroad from Siberia. He soon meets Lenin, and begins a troubled relationship with the Bolshevik party.

1902 Rudolf Steiner, a young scholar who had studied in Vienna before writing a study of Goethe at Weimar, becomes general secretary of the German Theosophical Society in Berlin.

1902 Baron Nathaniel "Natty" Rothschild meets Theodor Herzl to discuss a possible Jewish homeland to be setup in Palestine.

1902 The Zionist Congress rejects a British offer of land for a Jewish settlement in Uganda, East Africa.

1902 Dr. L. Woltmann, a gentleman-scholar, founds the Politisch-Anthropologischen Revue (Political-anthropological review). (Science)

1902 The Treaty of Vereeniging ends the South African War (the Boer War 1899-1902).

1903 Philipp Maschlufsky begins editing the occult periodical Die Gnosis in Vienna. It was later acquired by a group of Berlin Theosophists who amalgamate it with Rudolf Steiner's Luzifer. (Roots)

1903 April Fourty-nine Jews are murdered in a pogrom at Kishinev in western Russia. After the massacre, Theodor Herzl calls for the creation of Jewish nachtasyls (havens) throughout the world.

1903 April Guido von List sends a manuscript concerning the "Aryan proto-language" to the Imperial Academy of Sciences in Vienna. It is his first attempt to interpret by means of occult insight the letters and sounds of the runes, as well as the emblems and glyphs of ancient Germanic inscriptions. This manuscript becomes the "masterpiece" of his occult-nationalist researches,"Die Ursprache der Arier, deren Schrift und Heilszeichen." (Bundesarchiv, Koblenz; Roots)

1903 May Adolf Josef Lanz, now calling himself Dr. Jorg Lanz-Liebenfels, publishes a scholarly article in Ludwig Woltmannn's Politisch-Anthropologische Revue 2.(This is his first known use of the name Liebenfels. Lanz by this time was also using a doctoral title, and although there is no evidence of his having earned a degree from the University of Vienna, one may have been conferred by some other university.)

1903 August 26 - September 3 Pavolachi Krushevan publishes the earliest known version of The Protocols of the Elders of Zion in abbreviated form in his Russian-language newspaper, Znamia (The Banner). (Segel/Levy)

1903 September An Association of Occultism in Vienna establishes a lending-library, where its members can consult the works of Zollner, Hellenbach and du Prel. (Die Gnosis)

1903 September Die Gnosis publishes an article by Guido von List indicating the new theosophical cast of his occult thinking. (Roots)

1903 The Second Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party is held in London. This meeting splits the new party into two factions: the Bolsheviks (majorityites), led by Lenin (Vladimir Ulyanov), and the Mensheviks (Minorityites), led by Yuri Martov. Leon Trotsky sides with the Mensheviks. Even though he admires Lenin and his pragmatism, he fears that Lenin's "elitist" organizational methods will lead to dictatorship.

1903 Theodor Herzl endorses British Colonial Secretary Joseph Chamberlain's plan to establish a Jewish homeland in East Africa. After two years of squabbling, the Zionist Congress again rejects the so-called Uganda Plan in 1905.

1903 Alexander, King of Serbia, is assassinated and is succeeded by Peter I.

1903 Dr. Jorg Lanz-Liebenfels (Adolf Josef Lanz) publishes an anticlerical book entitled Katholizismus wider Jesuitismus (Frankfurt, 1903).

1903 Rudolf Steiner publishes Luzifer, a Theosophically oriented periodical, in Berlin (until 1908).

1903 Orville Wright makes the first successful flight in a self-propelled airplane.

1903 Jorg Lanz von Liebenfels publishes a long article entitled "Anthropozoon biblicum" in Vierteljahrsschift fur Bibelkunde, a perodical for biblical research. This strange investigation of the past extends his earlier Theosophical and scientific hypotheses and sets out the basic ideas that will be further developed in his Theo-Zoology or the Lore of the Sodom-Apelings and the Electron of the Gods (1905). (Roots)

1903 Grigory Yevseyevich Zinoviev (Radomyslsky) joins Lenin in Switzerland and becomes one of his closest collaborators.

1903 Lenin sets about organizing the Bolshevik revolutionary group. Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili (Stalin) supports the Bolsheviks. Lenin, it is said, greatly appreciates Dzhugashvili's familiarity with Russian nationality problems and his intense personal loyalty.

1904 January 17 The first issue of the DAP (German Workers Party) newspaper appears in Austria. (Unknown Nazis)

1904 March 17 Franklin D. Roosevelt marries Anna Eleanor Roosevelt, his sixth cousin. President Theodore Roosevelt, her uncle, comes to New York City to give the bride away. The young couple sees a great deal of "T. R." and his liberal ideas and strong leadership help Franklin to decide on a career in politics.

1904 May 22 Adolf Hitler is confirmed at the Linz cathedral.

1904 June Klara Hitler sells her house in Leonding and moves into a comfortable apartment in nearby Linz.

1904 Summer Hitler leaves Steyr Realschule. He soon falls ill and recuperates with his mother's relatives in Spital, Austria.

1904 July 3 Theodor Herzl, the Hungarian credited with founding modern political Zionism dies at Edlach, Austria.

1904 August 15 The Austrian DAP is officially founded at Trautenau (Trutnou). Two of the party's first leaders are from Hitler's hometown of Linz. (Unknown Nazis)

1904 September Adolf Hitler reenters Realschule at Steyr, Austria.

1904 Chaim Weizmann settles in England, joins the faculty of the University of Manchester and becomes a leader of the British Zionist movement.

1904 Britain concludes the Entente Cordiale with France.

1904 Autumn Adolf Hitler meets August Kubizek at the Linz Opera House, and they soon become close friends.

1904 Jorg Lanz von Liebenfels publishes the conclusion of "Anthropozoon biblicum" in Vierteljahrsschift fur Bibelkunde. (Roots)

1904 Jorg Lanz-Liebenfels (Adolf Josef Lanz) publishes two more anticlerical books: Das Breve 'Dominus ac redemptor noster' (Frankfurt 1904) and Der Taxil Swindel (Frankfurt 1904).

1904 Dr. A. Ploetz, a German gentleman-scholar, founds the Archiv für Rassenkunde und Gesellschaftsbiologie (Archives of Race-theory and Social Biology). (Science)

1904 The formation of the Anglo-French Entente alarms the nationalistic leadership in Germany.

1905 Sergei Nilus, a Russian scholar and religious mystic publishes The Protocols of the Elders of Zion. as an appendix to the second edition of his work The Great in the Small, or the Advent of the Antichrist and the Approaching Rule of the Devil on Earth (first ed., 1901). He later published three revised editions (1911, 1912 and 1917). (Segel/Levy)

1905 The Petersburg Soviet of Workers is formed by a group of Communist radicals in St. Petersburg.

1905 Middle-class liberals in Russia form the Constitutional Democratic party (Cadets).

1905 Two-hundred thousand workers and their families stage apeaceful march to the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg. The Czar's palace guards panic and fire into the crowd, killing 500 marchers. Afterward, the day becomes known nationwide as "Bloody Sunday."

1905 A general strike and revolution breaks out in Russia.Trotsky returns to take a leading role in the St. Petersburg (later Petrograd) Workers' Soviet. He is arrested, tried, and again exiled to Siberia.

1905 Zinoviev returns to Russia representing Lenin and theBolsheviks during the 1905 Revolution.

1905 Czar Nicholas II grants a constitution to the Russian people.

1905 Rene Guenon publishes Le Roi du Monde.

1905 Dr. A. Ploetz founds the GeselIschaft für Rassen-hygien(Society of Race-hygiene). (Science)

1905 An article written by Adolf Josef Lanz first appears in Theodor Fritsch's Hammer.

1905 Winter Adolf Josef Lanz, alias Dr. Jorg Lanz-Liebenfels, publishes the first issue of Ostara, a popular and vehemently racist, antisemitic magazine. This same year, Lanz publishes the fundamental statement of his doctrine, entitled: Theo-Zoology or the Lore of the Sodom-Apelings and the Electron of the Gods. Lanz's specific recommendations for the disposal of so-called racial inferiors included deportation to Madagascar, enslavement, incineration as a sacrifice to God, and forced labor as beasts of burden.

(Note: After Hitler came to power in 1933, Madagascar was often suggested by the Nazis as a place for the deportation of the Jews. This odd choice seems to be a direct link to Lanz and his theories. Lanz published the first issue of Ostara at Graz, but it was henceforth published at Rodaun until mid 1913. It was then published at Moedling until 1917, when the first series (Ostara I) was discontinued. Ostara II was published for a brief time in 1922 at Magdeburg. Ostara III was published in Vienna from 1927 to 1931 sponsored by Johann Walthari Wolfl.

1905 At the 1905 World Zionist Congress one Jewish group withdraws after the majority of delegates again rejects a British proposal for establishing a Jewish homeland in Uganda. Despite opposition from fundamentalist and assimilationist Jews as well as other internal divisions, the Zionist organization begins to gather strength. (Grolier)

1905 Friedrich Wannieck, his son, Friedrich Oskar Wannieck, Jorg Lanz von Liebenfels and fifty other prominent Austrians and Germans sign the first public announcement concerning support for the proposed Guido von List Society. (GLB; Roots)

1905 Readers of Theodor Fritsch's Hammer, then numbering more than three thousand, begin organizing themselves into local Hammer-Gemeiden (Hammer-Groups). (Roots)

1905 Germany attempts to isolate France diplomatically by supporting Moroccan independence. Contrary to German expectations, Britain rallies to the support of France.

1905 American labor leader Eugene V. Debs founds the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW).

1905 Albert Einstein publishes three scientific papers and obtains a Ph.D. degree from the University of Zurich. The second of his 1905 papers proposes what is today known as the special theory of relativity.

1905 The Japanese destroy the Imperial Russian fleet at the Battle of Tsushima.

1905 The union of Norway and Sweden is dissolved, and Haakon VII is elected king of Norway.

1905 W.E.B. Du Bois forms the Niagara Movement and demands full civil rights for all black Americans.

1906 March 19 Adolf Eichmann is born in the Rhineland but his family later moves to Austria.

1906 Spring Adolf Hitler becomes infatuated with a girl named Stefanie in Linz, but never dares to speak with her. Instead he attempts to communicate with her by telepathy, according to August Kubizek.

1906 Hitler quits school in Linz without graduating.

1906 July Noted Theosophist Harald Gravell van Jostenoode writes a complete issue of Lanz-Liebenfel's Ostara. Gravell demands the return of the Crown Jewels and Holy Lance of the Holy Roman Empire to the German Reich. (To the Pan-Germans, the return of the regalia (Reichskleinodien) to a new imperial capital at Nuremberg represented the restoration of a neo-Carolingian Greater German Empire under Hohenzollern rule, which would then reabsorb the historic "German" territories of Austria, Bohemia and Moravia, as well as Belgium, Holland and Scandanavia.) (Roots)

1906 Summer Hitler makes his first visit to Vienna, spending several weeks sight-seeing and attending the opera. With whom he stayed and other details of his visit remain uncertain.

1906 Hitler and August Kubizek visit St. Georgen on the River Gusen, the site of an ancient German battle. Hitler tells Kubizek that much could be learned from the "spirits" residing in the ancient soil and in the mortar between the cracks of the ruined buildings. At exactly this same time, both Lanz and List were telling their students in Vienna this same story. (Kubizek)

1906 November Hitler attends Wagner's opera Rienzi in Linz and is greatly affected. He soon becomes an ardent admirer of Richard Wagner, and most especially his racist theoretical writings. According to August Kubizek, Hitler read Wagner's works in a private library owned by the wealthy father of a friend, and is already an ardent antisemite. (Kubizek)

1906 G.V. Butmi publishes a third version of The Protocols of the Elders of Zion in his Vragi Roda Chelovecheskago (Enemies of the Human Race, St. Petersburg, 1906-7). (Segel/Levy)

1906 Ernst Haeckel, an eminent zoologist, founds the Monist League, repeatedly warning against the dangers of race-mixing. (Roots)

1906 H.M.S. Dreadnought, the first modern battleship, is launched by Great Britain.

1906 The Algeciras Conference in Spain approves the French plan of establishing a protectorate over Morocco.

1906 Two articles written by Adolf Josef Lanz appear in Theodor Fritsch's Hammer #5.

1906 The Aga Khan III forms the All-India Moslim League.

1906 The Dreyfus affair ends after Alfred Dreyfus is vindicated by a civilian court and readmitted into the French army.

1907 January 18 Klara Hitler, who has been diagnosed with breast cancer, has a mastectomy at the Sisters of Mercy Hospital in Linz. The surgeon is Hofrat Dr. Karl Urban. He is assisted by the family doctor, Eduard Bloch, a Jew. (Waite)

1907 After it appears that his mother has made a complete recovery, Hitler moves to Vienna with the hope of dedicating his life to a career as an artist and painter.

1907 Jorg Lanz-Liebenfels (Adolf Josef Lanz) publishes Theosophy and the Assyrian 'Man-Beasts.'

1907 Schoenerer and the Pan-German party are defeated in the Austrian parliamentary elections.

1907 After graduating from Harvard University, Franklin Roosevelt completes his studies at Columbia University Law School in New York City, and soon begins to practice with a leading New York law firm.

1907 Britain signs a treaty of friendship with Russia.

1907 The Triple Entente, a series of bilateral agreements,is formed between Britain, France and Russia. Europe is thus divided into the two armed camps.

1907 Lazar Kaganovich begins work in a shoe factory in Moszyr, fifty miles north of Kabany. He had been introduced to the trade by his uncle, Levich Kaganovich. The Kaganovich clan, itself, was huge and Lazar had numerous relatives throughout Russia. Although a Jew, Lazar had refused to be bar mitzvahed.

1907 Guido von List who has often used the aristocratic title "von" in his name since 1903, finally enters the title in the Vienna address book of 1907. This soon comes to the notice of the nobility archive, which urges an official inquiry. (Roots)

1907 October 1 The Panic of 1907 causes runs on banks across America and brings about a collapse of the stock market and the depression of 1907-1908. J.P. Morgan and friends import $100 million in gold from Europe to help shore up U.S. currency. (Schlesinger I)

1907 October 2 Guido von List tells the magistrates investigating his alleged nobility that his family was descended from Lower Austrian and Styrian aristocracy. List claims his great-grandfather had abandoned the title after entering a burgher trade (inn keeper), but that he had resumed the title after leaving commerce for a literary career in 1878. (Balzli; Roots)

1907 October Hitler fails his entrance examination to the Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna.

1907 November Hitler is called home by the family doctor, Dr. Eduard Bloch. The doctor later wrote that Hitler displayed no sign of animosity or racial prejudice, and was one of the most grieving sons he had ever seen. (Bloch)

1907 Jorg Lanz von Liebenfels purchases the ruins of an ancient medieval castle, Burg Werfenstein, outside the village of Struden near Grein in Upper Austria, with the aid of his wealthy friends. Lanz soon converts it into the headquarters of the Order of the New Templars (ONT). (Roots)

1907 December Jorg Lanz von Liebenfels writes an article entitled "Der Orden des neuen Templels" in Ostara I, # 18, stating that he is founding a museum of "Aryan" anthropology, for which he has secured a suitable site (i.e. Burg Werfenstein). He also sets out the ONT program, describing it as an "Aryan" mutual-aid association founded to foster racial consciousness through genealogical and heraldic research, beauty contests, and the foundation of racist utopias in the underdeveloped parts of the world. (Roots)

1907 December The Sphix Reading Club, an occult study-group is founded by Franz Herndl, in Vienna.

1907 December Hitler returns to Linz after learning from a friend of mother's that she has had a relapse. (Bloch; Frau Prezemeyer, Waite)

1907 December 21 Klara Hitler dies of breast cancer. Dr. Bloch will later say he has never seen a more grieving son than Adolf Hitler. Many years later, Hitler personally arranges for the Jewish doctor to leave the country unmolested.

1907 December 23 Klara Hitler is buried next to her husband in the Catholic cemetery at Leonding.

1907 December 24 Hitler's relatives ask him to spend Christmas at their home, but he chooses to spend all evening alone as he will every Christmas Eve for the rest of his life. (Waite)

1907 December 25 Jorg Lanz Liebenfels celebrates Christmas Day by hoisting a swastika flag from the high tower of Burg Werfenstein. Two flags were flown: one displaying the Liebenfels blazon, while the other showed a red swastika surrounded by four blue fleur-de-lis upon a golden field. (Herndl; Roots)

1907 Max Altmann begins to publish the widely popular Zentralblatt fur Okkultismus, which was edited by D. Georgiewitz-Weitzer, who wrote his works on modern Rosicrucians, alchemy and occult medicine under the pseudonym G.W. Surya. (Roots)

1907 Universal male suffrage is introduced in Austria.

1907 Rasputin, real name Grigori Yefimovich, gains influence at the court of Russian emperor Nicholas II.

1907 Leon Trotsky again escapes abroad from Siberia and continues to write extensively.

1907 Jorg Lanz von Liebenfels will later claim more than 100,000 copies of Ostara were circulated in 1907. It was widely distributed from tobacco stands and extremely popular with the right-wing fencing associations. (Daim; Roots)

1907 The Deutsch-Soziale Reformpartei wins only six seats in the German parliament. (Roots)

1907 Karl Brandler-Pracht, returns from the United States and soon afterward founds the First Vienna Astrological Society. (Roots)

1908 February Hitler returns to Vienna and settles into a flat at number 29 Stumpergasse.

1908 August Kubizek joins Hitler in Vienna and becomes his roommate at number 29 Stumpergasse.

1908 Guido von List, identifies the swastika (Hakenkreus) as an ancient symbol of racial purity, as well as a sign of esoteric knowledge and occult wisdom.

1908 March 2 The Guido von List Society is officially founded in Vienna by supporters who are attracted to the distinctive admixture of nationalism and occultism propounded by this strange, pagan mystic. In the years between 1908 and 1912 scores of well-known figures in Austria and Germany join. Membership lists can be found in GLB. (Roots)

1908 April Hitler returns home one day and announces to Kubizek, " Hey! Today I became a member of the anti-Semitic Union and I enrolled you too." Kubizek later wrote that he remembered Hitler expressing antisemitic sentiments as early as 1904 or 1905. (Kubizek; Waite)

1908 Spring Festivals held at Burg Werfenstein are believed to be the earliest organized ONT activities. Several hundred guests arrived by steamer from Vienna to the sound of a small cannon fired from the beflagged castle. The large party was treated to a concert in the castle courtyard and festivities lasted late into the night with bonfires and choir-singing. This event was widely publicized in the Austrian national press, thus helping to publicize Jorg Lanz von Liebenfels, ONT and Ostara to a much broader audience. (Herndl; Roots)

1908 July Jorg Lanz von Liebenfels publishes the 25th issue of Ostara. This issue features another contribution by the Theosophist, Harald Gravell van Jostenoode, which outlines a thoroughly Theosophical conception of race, quoting Annie Besant, the successor of Madame Blavatsky at the Theosophical Society in London, as well as Rudolf Steiner, Secretary General of its German branch in Berlin. (Roots)

1908 July From July 1908 to the end of World War I, Lanz will personally write 71 issues of Ostara. (Ostara was the pagan goddess of Spring.) (Roots)

1908 July Karl Maria Wiligut (Weisthor) writes a series of nine pagan commandments. He claims that his father had initiated him into the family secrets in 1890, and that he is able to recall the history and experiences of his tribe over thousands of years. (Roots)

1908 Wiligut (Weisthor) meets Theodor Czepl of the Order of the New Templars (ONT) through an occult circle in Vienna, whose members included Willy Thaler, a cousin of Wiligut, his wife Marie Thaler, a well-known actress, and several other ONT brothers.(According to Frau B., a source of Rudolf Mund, Hitler is said to have also frequented this group between 1908 and 1913.) (Roots)

1908 October Hitler fails his art examination at the Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna for a second time.

1908 November 18 Hitler moves out of his flat, leaves no forwarding address, and doesn't speak to Kubizek again until March 1938. Police records show Hitler moved to new lodgings on the Felberstrasse only a few blocks away. He lived at this new address from November 18, 1908 to August 20, 1909.

1908 December 31 Simon Wiesenthal is born at Buczacz in what was then Austria-Hungary.

1908 Dr. Walter Riehl joins the Austrian DAP.

1908 William Thomas Manning (1866-1949) becomes the Episcopal rector of Trinity Parish in New York City. Manning had been born in Northampton, England, and immigrated to America.

1908 Guido von List publishes the first three of his seven Guido List Bucherei. GLB 1 (Geheimnis der Runen) was a key to the meaning and magical power of the runes. GLB 2 (Die Armanenschaft der Ario-Germanen) was a study of the political authority and organization of the Wotanist priesthood (Armanenschaft), and GLB 3 (Die Rita der Ario-Germanen) an esoteric interpretation of folklore and place-names. (see also 1909, 1910, 1911 and 1914) (Roots)

1908 William Durant, founds General Motors (GM).

1908 Ford Motor Company produces the first Model T.

1908 The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) is founded.

1908 Zinoviev is briefly Imprisoned in Russia. After his release, he rejoins Lenin in western Europe, where he edits various Communist newspapers.

1908 The Tunguska fireball explodes in Siberia with the force of a modern H-bomb.

1908 In the German colony of South-West Africa, all existing mixed marriages are annulled and such marriages are forbidden in the future. The Germans involved are deprived of their civil rights. Dr. E. Fischer, a Dozent in anatomy at the University of Freiburg, begins to investigate the 'bastards' (persons of mixed blood, born mainly of unions between Dutch (Boer) men and Hottentot women) of Rehoboth in German South-West Africa (now Namibia). (Science)

1908 The Young Turk Revolution in Turkey leads to political reform.

1908 Albert Einstein submits a paper to the University of Bern and becomes a privatdocent, or lecturer, on the university faculty.

1908 Austria announces its annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Austrian's expansion intensifies its rivalry with Russia and eventually leads to war.

1908 Cyrus R. Teed (the first Koresh) dies in America.

1909 Summer Hitler visits Georg Lanz von Liebenfels at his home. (Lanz was interviewed by Daim on May 11, 1951, and confirmed this meeting with Hitler. (Daim)

1909 August 20 Hitler moves into a flat on Vienna's Sechshauserstrasse.

1909 August 29 Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung arrive in New York City on their way to be honored for their work at Clark University in Massachusetts. This will be Freud's first and only visit to America, but Jung will make several return trips.

1909 Winter Adolf Hitler is said to have first seen the Holy Lance (Helige Lanz) at the Hofburg Treasure House in Vienna. (Ravenscroft)

1909 December Hitler takes up residence at Vienna's Asylum for the Homeless.

1909 Louis Bleriot flies an airplane of his own design from France to England.

1909 Karl Maria Wiligut (Weisthor) resigns his membership in the Schlarraffia, a quasi-masonic lodge he had joined in Görz in 1889. He had attained the grade of Knight and the office of Chancellor. His lodge name was Lobesam. (Roots)

1909 Lanz von Liebenfels begins writing to Philipp Stauff at Enzisweiler near Lake Constance. (Bundesarchiv; Roots)

1909 Guido von List publishes his GLB 4 (Die Namen der Völkerstämme Germaniens und deren Deutung) a continuing study of his esoteric interpretations of folklore and place-names. (Roots)

1909 Albert Einstein receives an appointment as associate professor of physics at the University of Zurich. He is by now recognized as a leading scientific thinker throughout German-speaking Europe.

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