Timebase Multimedia Chronography(TM)

TIMEBASE 1929

1929 January 6 Hitler appoints Heinrich Himmler to replace Erhard Heiden as head of the SS. The organization has fewer than 300 members and an independent SS leader, Kurt Deluege, in Berlin. (Secrets; The SS, Time-Life)

1929 January 6 Alexander I abolishes his country's constitution and institutes absolute rule. He then changes his title and calls himself king of Yugoslavia.

1929 January 15 Martin Luther King, Jr., American civil rights leader, is born in Atlanta. His father, Martin, Sr., is the pastor of the Ebenezer Baptist Church.

1929 January 19 A U.S. committee headed by Owen D. Young is appointed to review the war reparations problem.

1929 January 20 The Soviet OGPU (General Political Administration) orders that Trotsky be deported to the Turkish island of Prinkipo, once used by the Byzantine emperors to exile their opponents. He will live in Turkey (1929-33), France (1933-35), Norway (1935-36), and Mexico (1936-40).

1929 February 9 The Litvinov Protocol is signed in Moscow by Soviet Russia, Poland, Romania, Latvia and Estonia. It gives immediate validity to the Kellogg-Briand Pact between these five countries.

1929 February 11 The Lateran Treaty is signed by Benito Mussolin for the Italian government and Cardinal Pietro Gasparri for the papacy. It settles the vexatious question of the relationship between the Holy See and Italy. The papacy accepts the loss of the Papal States, while Italy recognizes the Vatican City as an independent state. A financial settlement is also involved.

1929 March 4 Hebert Hoover is inaugurated U.S. President.

1929 Spring Ernst (Teddy) Thalmann, leader of the Communist Party, provokes a series of riots in Berlin's working-class districts.

1929 May 30 The Labour Party wins the British general elections, with Ramsey MacDonald becoming Prime Minister.

1929 June 7 The Young Plan is signed in Paris and soon afterward the Nazi finances quickly begin to improve.

1929 August The German luxury liners Bremen and Europa are launched in Bremerhaven and Hamburg. They are the largest and fastest ships of their kind in the world.

1929 August 6-13 The Hague conference on the Young Plan. German acceptance of this plan leads to the evacuation of the Rhineland by French troops.

1929 August 7 The"Völkischer Beobachter," no. 181, reports that during the annual Party gathering at Nuremberg Hitler had held up the ancient Spartan policy of selective infanticide as an archetype (a model) for Germany. "If Germany every year would have one million children," Hitler said, "and would eliminate 700 -800,000 of the weakest, the end result would probably be an increase in (national) strength."

1929 September Hitler moves into an elegant, luxury apartment on Munich's Prinzregentenplatz.

1929 September The New York Stock Exchange peaks at 216, the climax of a three-year "bull" market.

1929 September 27-28 The International Congress of Eugenics is held in Rome. Dr. C. B. Davenport, an American and president of the International Federation of Eugenic Organizations, sends Mussolini a memorandum, written by Professor Fischer (Berlin), on the importance of eugenics: "Maximum speed is necessary; the danger is enormous." (Science)

1929 September 28 - November 1 Prime Minister Ramsey MacDonald visits the United States and Canada.

1929 October 3 Gustav Stresemann dies in Germany.

1929 October 7 Gheorghe Buzdugan, the most important personality in the Romanian Regency, dies.

1929 October 22 The president of New York's National City Bank states, " I know of nothing fundamentally wrong with the stock market or with the underlying business and credit structure." Nevertheless, there have been heavy withdrawals of capital from America after the Bank of England raised its interest to 6.5 percent. (Schlesinger I)

1929 October 23 After a steady decline in stock market prices since the peak in September, the New York Stock Exchange begins to show signs of panic.

1929 October 24 "Black Thursday" -- the New York Stock Exchange crashes, quickly setting off a worldwide economic depression. Investors who had been "buying stock on margin," (generally 10%) were devastated when their "24-hour broker call loans " were all called in at the same time. This meant that the stock brokers and their customers had to dump their stocks in order to pay off their loans. When all the sellers offered their stock at the same time, prices plummeted.

1929 October 24 Winston Churchill is personally brought to the New York Stock Exchange by Bernard Baruch. Some conspiracy-oriented historians are convinced that Churchill was brought to witness the crash firsthand because it was desired that he see the power of the banking system at work. (Galbraith)

1929 October 29 "Black Tuesday" -- the avalanche of selling crushes the stock market. This is the most catastrophic day in the market's history and becomes the forerunner of the Great Depression. Although it is well known that thousands of stockholders were forced to sell their stock, it is usually not questioned as to who actually bought-up all of the stock being sold at bargain prices.

1929 November 9 I.G. Farben and Standard Oil sign a cartel agreement that has two objectives: (1) The cartel agreement granted Standard Oil one-half of all rights to the hydrogenation process (producing gasoline from coal, developed by Farben) in all countries except Germany. (2) Standard and Farben agreed "never to compete with each other in the fields of chemistry and petroleum products. In the future, if Standard Oil wished to enter the broad field of industrial chemicals or drugs, it would do so only as a partner of Farben. Farben in turn, agreed never to enter the field of petroleum except as a joint venture with Standard." (Griffin)

1929 November 13 By this day, some $30,000,000,000 in value of listed stocks have been wiped out in the New York Stock Exchange.

1929 November 21 President Hoover, in an attempt to reassure the nation, meets with representatives of big business and trade unions in two separate confidential sessions at the White House. (Schlesinger I)

1929 December Heinrich Bruening, a financial expert supported by Monsignor Kaas, becomes leader of the Catholic Center Party, and its right-wing members assume control.

1929 December 2 Dr. C. B. Davenport asks Professor Fischer to become chairman of the committee on racial crosses of the International Federation of Eugenic Organizations. (Science)

1929 December 3 President in his annual address to Congress declares that confidence in America's business has been reestablished. The events of the following decade will do nothing to justify this statement. (Schlesinger I)

1929 Joseph Goebbels is appointed Reich Propaganda Leader of the Nazi Party.

1929 The Nazi Party obtains rights to Gottfried zur Beek's translation of The Protocols of the Elders of Zion. (Segel/Levy)

1929 Jews and Arabs clash at Jerusalem's Wailing Wall. In Hebron, Arabs kill 67 Jews and begin driving Jewish families ot of the city and surrounding areas.

1929 Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli becomes a cardinal of the Catholic Church.

1929 Lazar Kraganovich becomes First Secretary of the Moscow Party Committee and a full member of the Politburo of the All-Union Communist Party.

1929 Bukharin, who had opposed Stalin's forced collectivization of agriculture, thereby becoming the leader of the so-called Right Opposition, is deprived of all his posts.

1929 King Alexander institutes absolute rule in troubled Yugoslavia.

1929 The Workers Party of America is renamed and becomes the Communist Party of the United States.

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